Thermal Balneotherapy: An Ally to Improve the Quality of Life in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis

By Dr. Michele Antonelli, MD - 02/03/2025

Knee osteoarthritis is a degenerative condition that is becoming increasingly common and is expected to be one of the leading causes of disability in the coming years. Scientific research is exploring various strategies to improve the quality of life of patients suffering from this condition, and among these, thermal balneotherapy has emerged as a useful and effective complementary treatment. In particular, thermal balneotherapy is a therapeutic treatment that involves the use of natural mineral waters, typically heated, for medical purposes: it combines the physical properties of warm water, such as buoyancy, heat, and pressure, with the therapeutic benefits of minerals found in the water, which can include sulfur, salt, and other trace elements.

Quality of life is a fundamental element in the management of osteoarthritis, as it impacts the physical, emotional, and social well-being of patients. An effective treatment should not only aim to reduce pain but also improve mobility, autonomy in daily activities, and the psychological well-being of individuals.

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A review of the scientific literature published in Rheumatology International summarized the effects of thermal balneotherapy on the quality of life of patients with knee osteoarthritis. In 14 of the 17 studies analyzed, significant improvements were reported in at least one parameter of quality of life after treatment. Furthermore, statistical analysis showed that thermal balneotherapy is more effective than baths in tap water, and when combined with standard therapy, it offers a more pronounced improvement in quality of life compared to conventional therapy alone.

In addition to the direct benefits on pain perception and quality of life, balneotherapy can help reduce the use of analgesic medications, which are often used to manage the symptoms of osteoarthritis. Moreover, the improvement in algofunctional indices suggests a positive effect on joint mobility and motor skills. More pronounced effects are achieved by combining thermal balneotherapy with the application of therapeutic muds or by engaging patients in adapted physical activity in an aquatic environment (hydrokinetic therapy).

In summary, thermal balneotherapy represents a well-tolerated and effective therapeutic option for improving symptoms and quality of life in patients with knee osteoarthritis. The benefits of this type of treatment in reducing pain, improving joint function, and decreasing medication use make it a highly valuable integrative strategy in managing this chronic condition.

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Bibliographic reference

Antonelli, M., Donelli, D., & Fioravanti, A. (2018). Effects of balneotherapy and spa therapy on quality of life of patients with knee osteoarthritis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Rheumatology International, 38, 1807–1824. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00296-018-4081-6